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The hexagonal Cot Co Flag Tower was rebuilt by Emperor Gia Long of the Nguyen Dynasty in 1803 as a symbol of Nguyen power in the north. The tower is an important symbol of both Hanoi and the Vietnamese armed forces.
The hexagonal Cot Co Flag Tower was rebuilt by Emperor Gia Long of the Nguyen Dynasty in 1803 as a symbol of Nguyen power in the north. The tower is an important symbol of both Hanoi and the Vietnamese armed forces.
The Tonkin Campaign (French: Campagne du Tonkin) was an armed conflict fought between June 1883 and April 1886 by the French against, variously, the Vietnamese, Liu Yongfu's Black Flag Army and the Chinese Guangxi and Yunnan armies to occupy Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and entrench a French protectorate there.<br/><br/> The campaign, complicated in August 1884 by the outbreak of the Sino-French War and in July 1885 by the Can Vuong nationalist uprising in Annam, which required the diversion of large numbers of French troops, was conducted by the Tonkin Expeditionary Corps, supported by the gunboats of the Tonkin Flotilla. The campaign officially ended in April 1886, when the expeditionary corps was reduced in size to a division of occupation, but Tonkin was not effectively pacified until 1896.